好的网站建设商家软件推广渠道

好的网站建设商家,软件推广渠道,优门设 网站,网站注册完域名如何建站测试学习记录#xff0c;仅供参考#xff01; 如何切换窗口句柄 在浏览器中#xff0c;每打开一个新标签页或者窗口#xff0c;均是有唯一标识符的#xff1b; 打开新标签页时在新的标签页中继续操作是 web 自动化很常见的一种方式#xff0c;需要切换窗口句柄才能继续…测试学习记录仅供参考如何切换窗口句柄在浏览器中每打开一个新标签页或者窗口均是有唯一标识符的打开新标签页时在新的标签页中继续操作是 web 自动化很常见的一种方式需要切换窗口句柄才能继续操作浏览器中各个标签、各个窗口之间的切换获取所有窗口的句柄handles driver.window_handlers获取当前窗口的句柄handles driver.window_handlers[0]通过窗口的句柄进入某个n窗口driver.switch_to.window(handles[n])# 获取当前窗口的句柄作为原始窗口 original_window self.__driver.window_handles[0] # 获取所有窗口的句柄列表 all_window self.__driver.window_handles # 仅供参考 # 获取所有窗口的句柄 handles driver.window_handlers # 通过窗口的句柄进入窗口 driver.switch_to.window(handles[n])切换窗口句柄实现在新标签页中继续操作1、以测试网站 https://www.leafground.com/window.xhtml 页面跳转新的标签页面为例2、在当前页面通过点击操作切换到了一个新的标签页然后在新的标签页中定位元素、点击输入等各种操作页面类3、在项目根目录 pageObject 软件包文件下新建一个名称为 other 的目录在 other 目录文件下新建名称一个为 label_page.py 的 Python 文件按照正常的思维来看能不能实现--肯定不行不能在新标签页中进行操作# 导包 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from util_tools.basePage import BasePage from time import sleep class LabelPage(BasePage): 点击后打开新的标签页然后在新的标签页上继续测试操作 url https://www.leafground.com/window.xhtml # 点击按钮 click_button (By.XPATH, //*[idj_idt88:new]/span) # 新的标签页邮箱地址输入框 email_address (By.ID, email) # 邮箱内容 message (By.ID, message) # 新标签页的url label_new_url https://www.leafground.com/dashboard.xhtml # 页面操作 def open_new_table_operate(self): self.open_url(self.url) self.click(self.click_button) # 打开新标签页的url self.open_url(self.label_new_url) # 在新标签页进行操作 self.send_keys(self.email_address, 123456qq.com) self.send_keys(self.message, selenium窗口句柄切换) sleep(3)测试类测试执行文件4、在项目根目录 testcase 软件包文件下新建一个名称为 other 的目录在 other 目录文件下新建名称一个为 test_label_page.py 的 Python 文件from pageObject.other.label_page import LabelPage class TestLabelPage: def test_open_new_label(self, not_login_driver): label_page LabelPage(not_login_driver) label_page.open_new_table_operate()5、单独执行 test_label_page.py 文件可以发现只打开了两个页面没有在新标签页有进行任何的操作封装公共方法在基类公共方法模块中添加6、 优化项目根目录 util_tools 软件包下 basePage.py 文件封装 切换窗口句柄 方法1、首先获取当前浏览器窗口的窗口句柄self.__driver.window_handles2、把获取到的当前窗口句柄定义为原始的窗口句柄self.__driver.window_handles[0]3、获取当前窗口句柄作为原始窗口并赋值给变量original_window 后保存下来下面做判断的时候会用到4、再使用 self.__driver.window_handles 获取到所有的窗口句柄把获取到的所有窗口句柄列表亦赋值给一个变量 all_window 变量名自行定义即可5、定义一个空变量 new_window None 用于比较新打开的窗口和原始窗口的区别6、开始判断是否已经切换到新窗口句柄上可自行一步一步查看调试或者使用其他方法7、再加上异常判断def switch_to_new_tab(self): 浏览器打开新的标签页切换窗口句柄 try: # 获取当前窗口的句柄作为原始窗口 original_window self.__driver.window_handles[0] # 获取所有窗口的句柄列表 all_window self.__driver.window_handles new_window None for window in all_window: # 找到不等于原始窗口句柄的新窗口句柄 if window ! original_window: new_window window break if new_window: # 切换到新窗口以便在新窗口上执行后续操作 # self.__driver.switch_to.window(new_window) self.switch_to.window(new_window) logs.info(成功切换到新标签页) except TimeoutException: logs.error(等待新标签页打开超时。) except NoSuchElementException: logs.error(未找到新标签页句柄。) except Exception as e: logs.error(f切换窗口时发生异常{str(e)})7、完整的 basePage.py 文件# 导包 from pyxnat.core.uriutil import file_path from selenium import webdriver from selenium.common import NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from time import sleep from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ec from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait from config import setting from util_tools.logs_util.recordlog import logs from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys from datetime import datetime import pytesseract from PIL import Image from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select from util_tools.handle_data.configParse import ConfigParse class BasePage(object): def __init__(self, driver): self.__driver driver self.__wait WebDriverWait(self.__driver, setting.WAIT_TIME) self.conf ConfigParse() def window_max(self): self.__driver.maximize_window() def window_full(self): self.__driver.fullscreen_window() def screenshot(self): self.__driver.get_screenshot_as_png() def open_url(self, url): if url.startswith(http) or url.startswith(https): self.__driver.get(url) logs.info(f打开页面{url}) else: new_url self.conf.get_host(host) url self.__driver.get(new_url) logs.info(f打开页面{new_url}) property def current_url(self): return self.__driver.current_url property def title(self): return self.__driver.title def refresh(self): self.__driver.refresh() property def switch_to(self): return self.__driver.switch_to def iframe(self, frame): try: self.switch_to.frame(frame) logs.info(f切换到{frame}--iframe内部框架中) except: logs.error(切换到iframe框架失败) def switch_to_new_tab(self): try: original_window self.__driver.window_handles[0] all_window self.__driver.window_handles new_window None for window in all_window: if window ! original_window: new_window window break if new_window: # self.__driver.switch_to.window(new_window) self.switch_to.window(new_window) logs.info(成功切换到新标签页) except TimeoutException: logs.error(等待新标签页打开超时。) except NoSuchElementException: logs.error(未找到新标签页句柄。) except Exception as e: logs.error(f切换窗口时发生异常{str(e)}) def exit_iframe(self): self.switch_to.default_content() property def alert(self): return self.__wait.until(ec.alert_is_present()) def alert_confirm(self): self.alert.accept() def alert_cancel(self): self.alert.dismiss() def location_element(self, by, value): try: element self.__wait.until(ec.presence_of_element_located((by, value))) logs.info(f找到元素{by}{value}) return element except Exception as e: logs.error(f未找到元素{by}{value}) raise e def location_elements(self, by, value): try: self.__wait.until(ec.presence_of_all_elements_located((by, value))) elements self.__driver.find_elements(by, value) logs.info(f找到元素列表{by}{value}) return elements except Exception as e: logs.error(f未找到元素列表{by}{value}) raise e def click(self, locator: tuple, forceFalse): try: element self.location_element(*locator) if not force: self.__driver.execute_script(arguments[0].click(), element) else: self.__driver.execute_script(arguments[0].click({force:true}), element) logs.info(f元素被点击{locator}) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def send_keys(self, locator: tuple, data): try: element self.location_element(*locator) element.send_keys(data) logs.info(f元素被输入内容{locator}输入的内容为{data}) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def selects(self, locator: tuple, index): try: select Select(self.location_element(*locator)) select.select_by_index(index) logs.info(f选择第{index}个数据) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def enter(self): try: ActionChains(self.__driver).send_keys(Keys.ENTER).perform() logs.info(按下回车键) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def right_click(self, locator: tuple): try: element self.location_element(*locator) ActionChains(driver).context_click(element).perform() logs.info(执行鼠标右键点击操作) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def double_click(self, locator: tuple): try: element self.location_element(*locator) ActionChains(driver).double_click(element).perform() logs.info(执行鼠标双击操作) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def screenshots(self, image_name): import os current_time datetime.now().strftime(%Y%m%d%H%M%S) file_name f{image_name}-{current_time}.png file_path os.path.join(setting.FILE_PATH.get(screenshot), file_name) self.__driver.get_screenshot_as_file(file_path) def clear(self, locator: tuple): try: element self.location_element(*locator) element.clear() logs.info(清空文本) except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素无法定位{e}) raise e def ocr_captcha(self, locator: tuple): captcha_element self.location_element(*locator) captcha_path setting.FILE_PATH[screenshot] /captcha.png captcha_element.screenshot(captcha_path) captcha_image Image.open(captcha_path) try: captcha_text pytesseract.image_to_string(captcha_image) logs.info(f识别到的验证码为{captcha_text}) return captcha_text except pytesseract.pytesseract.TesseractNotFoundError: logs.error(找不到tesseract这是因为pytesseract模块依赖于TesseractOCR引擎来进行图像识别) def is_element_present(self, locator: tuple): try: self.__wait.until(ec.presence_of_element_located(*locator)) return True except: return False def assert_is_element_present(self, locator: tuple): try: element self.__driver.find_element(*locator) assert element.is_displayed(), 元素不存在 except NoSuchElementException as e: logs.error(f元素未找到{e}) raise AssertionError(元素不存在) def assert_element_not_visible(self, locator: tuple): try: self.__wait.until(ec.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)) except TimeoutException: logs.error(元素可见) def assert_title(self, expect_title): assert expect_title in self.title使用8、优化 label_page.py 的 Python 文件切换窗口句柄# 导包 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from util_tools.basePage import BasePage from time import sleep class LabelPage(BasePage): 点击后打开新的标签页然后在新的标签页上继续测试操作 url https://www.leafground.com/window.xhtml # 点击按钮 click_button (By.XPATH, //*[idj_idt88:new]/span) # 新的标签页邮箱地址输入框 email_address (By.ID, email) # 邮箱内容 message (By.ID, message) # 新标签页的url label_new_url https://www.leafground.com/dashboard.xhtml def open_new_table_operate(self): self.open_url(self.url) self.click(self.click_button) # # 打开新标签页的url # self.open_url(self.label_new_url) # 切换窗口句柄 self.switch_to_new_tab() # 在新标签页进行操作 self.send_keys(self.email_address, 123456qq.com) self.send_keys(self.message, selenium窗口句柄切换) sleep(3)9、运行主函数 run.py 文件测试查看是能够成功切换窗口句柄并继续测试操作的注意是单独运行只执行 test_label_page.py 一个文件通过配置未完待续。。。